Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health issue driven mostly by obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. CKD is often associated with multiple long-term conditions such as cardiovascular disease, and hypertension, which will lead to non-curable conditions. Symptoms of early-stage CKD are not evident such that most people with CKD are unaware of their disease status and remain undiagnosed until significant renal function is lost. Thus, early identification and management is critical in delaying progression CKD as well as related complications.
To determine the possible biomarkers of patients at risk of CKD progression in the early stage, with the non-invasive diagnostic method, a label-free quantification data-independent proteomic approach was applied. The urine samples of both early-stage CKD patients and healthy patients were characterised by a label-free quantification data-independent proteomic approach. Here, we identified 851 proteins between the diseased and control groups. Of these 851 proteins, 561 proteins were not statistically significant, 149 proteins were found to be statistically significant and down regulated, and 141 proteins were found to be statistically significant and upregulated. Our preliminary data indicate that there are significant proteome alterations in the urine of CKD patients.