Narrow-leafed lupin (NLL, Lupinus angustifolius) is the principal pulse crop grown in Western Australia, valued for its ability to thrive in nutrient-poor soils and contribute to sustainable farming through nitrogen fixation. While NLL seeds are primarily used for animal feed, growing interest in their use as a human food source is driven by their exceptional nutritional profile, particularly their high protein and fibre content.
Proteomic studies of NLL genotypes have revealed significant variations in protein composition between domesticated cultivars and wild accessions. Notably, some Australian NLL cultivars were found to have lower levels of allergenic seed storage proteins while containing higher amounts of bioactive proteins, highlighting opportunities to enhance the nutritional and functional properties of lupin grain for food applications.
This study expanded proteomic investigations to a wider selection of domesticated cultivars to assess how their seed storage protein profiles align with their pedigree information. Additionally, it examined the impact of growing location on protein composition. The findings identified a key breeding line responsible for divergence in the protein composition of Australian NLL cultivars, particularly those with reduced allergenic protein levels. While environmental factors influenced protein patterns, the overall composition of seed storage proteins was primarily governed by genetic factors.
By uncovering both genetic and environmental influences on lupin grain protein composition, this study provides valuable insights to inform breeding strategies for enhancing protein quality and supporting its broader utilisation as a high-value ingredient in the food industry.